While CRISPR may be the most notable genetic technology to emerge from microbes, many of the tools researchers use to control genes and their products are borrowed from bacterial systems. One of these ...

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA elements that exemplify bacterial adaptability by harboring genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, metabolic versatility, and stress tolerance across species ...

The bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS) functions not only in sugar uptake but also as a central regulatory hub coordinating carbon and nitrogen metabolism, stress responses and pathogenic ...

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are experts in evolving new strategies to avoid being killed by antibiotics. Bacteria strains can evolve individually and mutate quickly and constantly when they are ...