The First World War was an unprecedented catastrophe that killed millions and set the continent of Europe on the path to further calamity two decades later. But it didn’t come out of nowhere. With the ...

On Oct. 8, 1912, the tiny Kingdom of Montenegro declared war on a weakened Ottoman Empire, kicking off what is now known as the First Balkan War. Three other Balkan states in league with the ...

As always in the Balkans, things were complicated. Religious and sectarian divides were layered on top of ethnic animosities dating back to the great population movements of the medieval period. While ...

Conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire was a mainstay of the Eastern Mediterranean world for over one hundred and fifty years, a series of wars that are often addressed as part of broader ...

Day-by-day, play-by-play accounts of the campaign in and evacuation from Greece were released last week by the British War Office and Admiralty. They told a story of hurried dispositions, last-minute ...

Throughout Russia’s history, tsars looked for ways to dominate what they called the “near abroad” of their sprawling empire. In today’s world, President Vladimir Putin’s illegal invasion of ...