IMAGINE IT IS 2035 and a financial crisis is raging. Credit is drying up; banks’ share prices look like ski slopes and every news report features sweaty traders in shirtsleeves tugging at their ...

CBDCs allow faster, direct transactions without commercial banks, enhancing accessibility. Retail and wholesale are two types of CBDCs, each catering to different users' needs. Adoption of CBDCs could ...

Independence has long been a cornerstone of central banking. This is particularly true for the monetary policy function, which is firmly entrenched in central banks’ legislative mandates and practices ...

Central banks control money supply and set interest rates, impacting inflation and spending. They regulate banks, ensuring stability through capital and reserve requirements. The Fed, as the U.S.

Since the financial crisis of 2007, central banks around the world have entered into a multitude of bilateral currency swap agreements with one another. These agreements allow a central bank in one ...