All engineers know resistance is usually bad news. It generates heat. It reduces efficiency. It wears out components and cuts operational lifetimes. However, resistance is not the only kind of ...

Analog Devices references guard shields around their op amps as well as the printed circuit traces [1]. These traces are called guard rings; they circle and shield critical circuits. Another ...

The input impedance of a.c.-coupled op amp circuits depends almost entirely on the resistance that sets the d.c. operating point. If CMOS op amps are used, the input is high, in current op amps up to ...

Using circuit simulating software like SPICE can be a powerful tool for modeling the behavior of a circuit in the real world. On the other hand, it’s not always necessary to have all of the features ...

All transformers have nameplates, and all manufacturers use the same nomenclature for capacity, ratings, impedance, and other pertinent information. This article focuses on dry- or oil-type ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

Short-circuit currents represent a tremendous amount of destructive energy, which can be released through electrical systems under fault conditions. Baseline short-circuit studies should be performed ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Generating a high-frequency magnetic field can be quite a challenge due to an assortment of technical issues. At high ...