Researchers from Yunnan University, the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan have unveiled new insights into ...

Fragmentation, or how things break, may seem like a truly random process, but new study shows that fragmentation will actually follow a process to maximize entropy. This behavior is a manifestation of ...

Fragmentation functions are fundamental components in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), encapsulating the probability that a high-energy quark or gluon produces a specific hadron during the hadronisation ...

When an energetic quark or gluon gets knocked free during a proton-proton collision, this free "parton" first generates a shower of other partons, which then "fragment" to form hadrons (h) such as ...