The tangled mass of tubing, disks and light bulbs unveiled before a packed meeting of the Royal Society of scientists in London looked for all the world like an outsize example of abstract sculpture.

How proteins evolved the ability to form complexes made up of multiple subunits—and what functions this new structure enabled in early multimeric proteins—isn’t well understood. To better understand ...

Most of the amino acids in hemoglobin form alpha helices, connected by short non-helical segments. (Hemoglobin has no beta strands and no disulfide bonds.) A rainbow coloring scheme from the ...

Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that enables the blood to carry oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Low hemoglobin levels often indicate anemia, but high levels can also be a ...