Traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control systems often encounter challenges related to nonlinearity and time-variability. Original dung beetle optimizer (DBO) offers fast convergence ...
In this study, a novel cascaded exponential proportional–integral–derivative (exp-PID) controller tuned by the starfish optimization algorithm (SFOA) is proposed for enhancing the transient and steady ...
Over three decades ago, real-time software was predominantly written in assembly language or a combination of assembly and the C programming language. Even today, certain digital signal processing ...
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