X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is based on the same principle as all photoelectron spectroscopy methods. If a molecule or material is irradiated with light of a known energy above the ionization ...

Chemical state analysis in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) relies on assigning well-defined binding energy values to core level electrons originating from atoms in particular bonding ...

The basic physical process of irradiating a material with photons of a known energy and measuring the ejected photoelectrons has remained unchanged over six decades since it was first commercialized.

Carbon-based materials hold enormous potential for building a sustainable future, but material scientists need tools to properly analyze their atomic structure, which determines their functional ...

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is often used to determine the chemical composition of materials. It was developed in the 1960s and is accepted as a standard method in materials science.

New research shows that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can give misleading analysis results due to an erroneous assumption during calibration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is often ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a popular analytical technique in materials science as it can assess the surface chemistry of a broad range of samples. This Primer concerns best practice in ...