Background The evidence on associations between ultra-processed foods (UPF) and lung cancer risk is limited and inconsistent.

A 9-year-old girl presented with a 9-week history of persistent coughing. She was HIV-negative, had no prior health issues, no history of asthma or recurrent infections and reported no known contact ...

In vitro testing has shown that nicotine may play a role in making cancers more aggressive,1 but the currently available evidence does not suggest that nicotine in itself induces cancer.2 Despite this ...

Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The extent to which the excess CVD risk is captured by risk factors in ...

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The effective management of COPD exacerbations awaits a better understanding of the ...

Background: Chronic cough is a common condition which has a significant impact on quality of life. Assessment and management are hampered by the absence of well validated outcome measures. The ...

Rationale: Dyspnoea is a debilitating and distressing symptom that is reflected in different verbal descriptors. Evidence suggests that dyspnoea, like pain perception, consists of sensory quality and ...

Background Switching inhalers to cheaper equivalent products is often advocated as a necessary cost saving measure, yet the impact on patient’s health and healthcare utilisation has not been measured.

Background Reports of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use in clinical practice reveal higher mortality rates than in corresponding randomised clinical trials. Aim To explore factors related to chronic ...

Objective NEWS2 (RCP 2017)1 recommends use of ‘SpO2 Scale 2’ in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure (usually due to COPD) to aim target saturations of 88–92%. We aimed to identify if COPD ...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes improve the health of patients disabled by lung disease but their cost effectiveness is unproved. We undertook a cost/utility analysis in conjunction ...

Background Exacerbations cause morbidity and mortality for patients with severe asthma. Furthermore, their treatment with oral corticosteroids (OCS) can lead to toxicity. Raised blood eosinophils are ...