Canada's federal election was the first major test of Donald Trump ’s influence on the affairs of a longtime U.S. ally since he returned to power 100 days ago. And he lost it badly. The U.S. president's attacks on Canadian sovereignty outraged voters while the trade war he launched threatened to upend the economy of a nation

Liberal Prime Minister Mark Carney, who replaced Justin Trudeau, will keep his post as Canadians signal their persistent defiance of the U.S. president’s rhetoric.