🔥 DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) • Absolute or relative insulin deficiency • Fat breakdown → ketones → anion gap metabolic acidosis • Classic findings: dehydration, vomiting, abdominal pain, Kussmaul respirations 🍯 HHS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State) • Some insulin present → minimal ketones • Extreme hyperglycemia → severe dehydration → hyperosmolality • Dominated by neurologic symptoms: confusion, lethargy, seizures ⚠️ Why this matters • Glucose alone does NOT make the diagnosis • DKA can be